Part I. The PIE perspective : Its development and structure -- PIE : A system for describing and classifying problems of social functioning / James M. Karls and Karin E. Wandrei -- Structure of the PIE system / Karin E. Wandrei and James M. Karls -- Part II. Application of PIE in practice settings -- Use of PIE in outpatient mental health settings / Joanne E. Turnbull and Helen Cahalane -- Applications of the PIE system in family services agencies / Joseph D. Kestnbaum and Maureen K. Wahl -- Use of PIE in a medical social work setting / Elizabeth A. Adkins -- The role of the PIE in employee assistance programs and managed behavioral health care / Paul M. Saxton -- Use of the PIE classification system in welfare departments / Mehl L. Simmons -- Using the PIE system to classify the problems of mentally ill people in recovery from addiction / Elizabeth A. Irvin and Walter E. Penk -- Part III. Use of the PIE system in other countries -- Using the PIE system to teach social work skills in Japan / James M. Mandiberg and Kyoko Miyaoka -- The PIE system : A Canadian field test with a multidisciplinary mental health team / Karen Walsh and Richard Ramsay -- PIE's potential for furthering an ecological perspective for social work in the Netherlands / Kathleen O'C. Hoekstra -- Part IV. Other issues -- PIE as a new tool for more effective case management / James M. Karls and Karin E. Wandrei -- Training master of social work students in clinical assessment using the PIE system / Cathie Hanes Delewski -- Conceptualizing PIE within a holistic system of social work / Richard Ramsay -- PIE research issues / Janet B.W. Williams -- Computerizing the PIE system / James M. Karls and Karin E. Wandrei.