Introduction: Was Benazir Bhutto the First? -- pt. I. Queens and Courtesans. 1. How Does One Say 'Queen' in Islam? 2. The Caliph and the Queen. 3. The jawari or Revolution in the Harem. 4. Khayzuran: Courtesan or Head of State? -- pt. II. Sovereignty in Islam. 5. The Criteria of Sovereignty in Islam. 6. Fifteen Queens -- pt. III. The Arab Queens. 7. The Shiite Dynasty of Yemen. 8. The Little Queens of Sheba. 9. The Lady of Cairo -- Conclusion: The Medina Democracy.