Here are entered works discussing lingua francas which are native to none of those using them and are characterized by a simplified grammar and often mixed vocabulary. Works discussing auxiliary, sometimes mixed, languages used among groups having no other language in common are entered under the heading Lingua francas. Works discussing languages resulting from the intermingling of phonological, grammatical and/or lexical elements from different languages in areas of intensive language contact are entered under the heading Languages, Mixed. Works discussing pidgin languages that have become established as the native languages of a speech community are entered under the heading Creole dialects.
