LEADER 00000cam 2200613Ki 4500
001 ocn738478251
003 OCoLC
005 20160518075811.8
006 m o d
007 cr cnu---unuuu
008 110705s2009 nyua ob 001 0 eng d
019 761194107|a891543811
020 9781613244593|q(electronic bk.)
020 1613244592|q(electronic bk.)
035 (OCoLC)738478251|z(OCoLC)761194107|z(OCoLC)891543811
040 N$T|beng|epn|erda|cN$T|dOCLCQ|dOCLCE|dYDXCP|dOCLCQ|dE7B
|dOCLCF|dCCO|dOCLCO|dOCLCQ|dNLGGC|dEBLCP|dOCLCQ|dDEBSZ
042 dlr
043 n-us---
049 GTKE
050 4 JV6483|b.N86 2009eb
082 04 325.73|222
100 1 Nuñez-Neto, Blas.
245 10 Border security :|bbarriers along the U.S. international
border /|cBlas Nuñez-Neto and Michael John Garcia.
264 1 New York :|bNova Science,|c[2009]
264 4 |c©2009
300 1 online resource (vi, 59 pages) :|billustrations (some
color)
336 text|btxt|2rdacontent
337 computer|bc|2rdamedia
338 online resource|bcr|2rdacarrier
504 Includes bibliographical references and index.
505 0 The San Diego border primary fence -- Congressional border
barrier legislation -- The San Diego Sandia Fence -- The
Sand Diego fence and USBP apprehensions -- Border barrier
construction -- Legislation in the 110th Congress --
Legislation in the 109th Congress -- Issues for Congress.
506 |3Use copy|fRestrictions unspecified|2star|5MiAaHDL
520 Congress has repeatedly shown interest in examining and
expanding the barriers being deployed along the U.S.
international land border. The 109th Congress passed a
number of laws affecting these barriers, and oversight of
these laws and of the construction process may be of
interest to the 110th Congress. The United States Border
Patrol (USBP) deploys fencing, which aims to impede the
illegal entry of individuals, and vehicle barriers, which
aim to impede the illegal entry of vehicles (but not
individuals) along the border. The USBP first began
erecting barriers in 1990 to deter illegal entries and
drug smuggling in its San Diego sector. The ensuing 14
mile-long San Diego "primary fence" formed part of the
USBP's "Prevention Through Deterrence" strategy, which
called for reducing unauthorised migration by placing
agents and resources directly on the border along
population centres in order to deter would-be migrants
from entering the country. In 1996, Congress passed the
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility
Act which, among other things, explicitly gave the
Attorney General (now the Secretary of the Department of
Homeland Security) broad authority to construct barriers
along the border and authorised the construction of a
secondary layer of fencing to buttress the completed 14
mile primary fence. Construction of the secondary fence
stalled due to environmental concerns raised by the
California Coastal Commission. In 2005, Congress passed
the REAL ID Act that authorised the Secretary of the
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to waive all legal
requirements in order to expedite the construction of
border barriers. DHS has announced it will use this waiver
authority to complete the San Diego fence. The Secure
Fence Act of 2006 directed DHS to construct 850 miles of
additional border fencing. This requirement was
subsequently modified by the Consolidated Appropriations
Act, 2008 (P.L. 110-161), which was enacted into law on
December 26, 2007. The act requires the Secretary of
Homeland Security to construct fencing along not less than
700 miles of the south-west border. While the San Diego
fence, combined with an increase in agents and other
resources in the USBP's San Diego sector, has proven
effective in reducing the number of apprehensions made in
that sector, there is considerable evidence that the flow
of illegal immigration has adapted to this enforcement
posture and has shifted to the more remote areas of the
Arizona desert. Nationally, the USBP made 1.2 million
apprehensions in 1992 and again in 2004, suggesting that
the increased enforcement in San Diego sector has had
little impact on overall apprehensions. In addition to
border fencing, the USBP deploys both permanent and
temporary vehicle barriers to the border. Temporary
vehicle barriers are typically chained together and can be
moved to different locations at the USBP's discretion.
Permanent vehicle barriers are embedded in the ground and
are meant to remain in one location. A number of policy
issues concerning border barriers generally and fencing
specifically may be of interest to Congress, including,
but not limited, to their effectiveness, costs versus
benefits, location, design, environmental impact,
potential diplomatic ramifications, and the costs of
acquiring the land needed for construction.
533 Electronic reproduction.|b[S.l.] :|cHathiTrust Digital
Library,|d2011.|5MiAaHDL
538 Master and use copy. Digital master created according to
Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs
and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation,
December 2002.|uhttp://purl.oclc.org/DLF/benchrepro0212
|5MiAaHDL
583 1 digitized|c2011|hHathiTrust Digital Library|lcommitted to
preserve|2pda|5MiAaHDL
588 0 Print version record.
650 0 Border security|zUnited States.
650 0 National security|xLaw and legislation|zUnited States.
650 7 SOCIAL SCIENCE|xEmigration & Immigration.|2bisacsh
650 7 Border security.|2fast|0(OCoLC)fst01742239
650 7 National security|xLaw and legislation.|2fast
|0(OCoLC)fst01033727
650 07 Grenze.|2swd
650 07 Grenzschutz.|2swd
651 7 United States.|2fast|0(OCoLC)fst01204155
651 7 United States.|2swd
651 7 Mexiko.|2swd
655 0 Electronic books.
700 1 Garcia, Michael John.
776 08 |iPrint version:|aNunez-Neto, Blas.|tBorder security.|dNew
York : Nova Science, ©2009|z1606921711|w(DLC) 2009464234
|w(OCoLC)264722026
914 ocn738478251
994 93|bGTK
