Background and historiography. Early apocalypticism: the ongoing debate. -- Apocalypticism in the middle ages. -- Themes of medieval apocalypticism. Symbols of the apocalypse in medieval culture. -- Teste David cum Sibylla: the significance of the Sibylline tradition in the middle ages. -- Angel pope and papal antichrist. -- Pastor angelicus: apocalyptic myth and political hope in the fourteenth century. -- Apocalyptic traditions and spiritual identity in thirteenth-century religious life. -- The significance of Bonaventure's theology of history. -- Joachim of Fiore. The abbot and the doctors: scholastic reactions to the radical eschatology of Joachim of Fiore. -- Joachim of Fiore's Tertius Status: some theological appraisals. -- Alter Moyses: the role of Bernard of Clairvaux in the thought of Joachim of Fiore. -- Influence and importance in evaluating Joachim of Fiore.