Madeleine Leininger's theory of culture care diversity and universality -- Larry Purnell's model for cultural competence -- Josepha Campinha-Bacote's "The process of cultural competence : in the delivery of health care services" and "Biblically based model of cultural competence" -- Joyce Newman Giger and Ruth Davidhizar's transcultural assessment model -- Rachel Spector's health traditions model -- Margaret Andrews/Joyceen Boyle transcultural nursing assessment guide for individuals and families -- Discussion across theory, models, and guide.