Reflecting on the past: Social work history and cultural diversity -- Theoretical foundations: Cultural identity, theories and implications; Self-reflection and beyond, the challenges of examining cultural diversity honestly; Striving for cultural competence -- Journeys to the four directions, an overview of select cultural groups: Native Americans; African Americans; Latinos; Asian Americans; Pacific Islanders; Jewish Americans; Arab Americans; Immigrants and refugees -- Looking toward the future: Advocating for change.