Introduction -- The Study of Men as a Gender -- Vita Militaris: The Soldier's Life -- The Manly Emperor: Conceptualisations of Manliness, Courage, and Ideal Leadership at the Opening of the Fifth Century -- The Wars Most Peaceful: Militarism, Piety, and Constructions of Christian Manliness in the Theodosian Age -- Representations of Power and Imperial Manliness in the Age of Theodosius II -- Emperors and Generals: Pathways to Power in the Age of Leo I -- Contests of Manly Virtue in Procopius' Gothic War -- Conclusion: Lingering Manly Romanitas in Byzantium.