Looking at the symptom as a starting point for understanding -- Echoes from overseas: Brazilian experiences in psychoanalytic observation, its developments and therapeutic interventions with parents and small children -- Multidisciplinary early intervention with infants and young children presenting emotional, physical and speech difficulties -- Brief mother-father-infant psychodynamicpsychotherapy: clinical and technical aspects -- The role of the infant in parent-child psychotherapies -- Therapeutic consultation: early detection of "alarm symptoms" in infants and treatment with parent-infant psychotherapy -- Transformational process in parent-infant psychotherapy: provision in community drop-in groups -- Babies in groups: the creative roles of the babies, the mothers and the therapists -- Parent-infant psychotherapy: when feelings of futility are prevalent -- The health visitor's role in promoting emotional well being in families -- "It wasn't meant to happen like this": the complexity of mourning great expectations -- Ten years of parent-infant psychotherapy in a township in South Africa. What have we learnt? -- Intervention in parent-infant psychotherapy in Japan: the infant reveals family trauma.